Governing means for turbines



92 May 31 1 7 a. R. wAumER GOVERNING MEANS FOR TURBINES.

Filed May 19. 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 WITNESS.

4rra/ EK 1927. May c. R. WALLER' GOVERNING MEANS, FOR TURBINBS 4vShoitR-Shept '3 Filed May 19, 1922 C. R. WALLER GOVERNING MEANS FORTUHBINBS Filed May 19, 1922 4 Shuts-Sheet 4 Patented May 31, 1927.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CARL R. WALLER, OF TBENTON, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO DIE LAVAL STEAM TUB-BINE COMPANY, OF TRENTON. NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

GOVERNING MEANS FOR TURBINES.

Application filed May 19,

My invention relates to governing means for turbines. The object oi myinvention is to provide governing means adapted for the accurate controlof a turbine automatically under any variation of load. conditions andat the same time regulate the an'iount of steam supplied to or receivedfrom the low pressure system service line which receives steam fromother sources and supplies steam to other sources, and maintain thereina constant pressure.

The governing means in accordance with my invention is adaptable for usein connection with such turbines as straight high pressure condensing,straight low pressure condensing, combination high and low pres sure, orbleeder turbines in which steam is extracted from an intermediate stage.

By virtue of my invention. the turbine will be automatically controlledwith accuracy under any variation in load conditions and will insurehigh efliciency and economy in the operation of the turbine.

Having now indicated in a general way the nature and purpose of myinvention/I will. proceed to a detailed description of a preferredembodiment thereof", as applied to a combination high and lowpressiu'eturbine, with reference to the accompanving drawings, in whichv 1 Fig. 1 is a plan view of a turbine equipped with governing meansembodying my invention. Fig. 52 is an end view of the turbine shown inFig.- 1.

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section on the turbine shaft.

Fig. 4 is a. cross-section on line 4l4 Fig. 3.

Fig. 5-is a section on line Fig. 1' showing valve connections.

In the drawings A designates the casing ofthe turbine, 5 the turbineshaft mounted in bearings 9 and extends into a gear casing A havinggearing therein through which the shaft to be driven is connected.Mounted on the shaft 5 are the runners 6. 6. and 7, 7, of the high andlow pressure stages. respectively. of the turbine. 8. 8 designatepacking means surrounding the shaft where the shaft extends through thecasing A.

1 designates a steam chest to which high pressure steam is delivered ashereinafter described. The steam chest 1 is in communi- 1922. Serial No.562,215.

cation with chamber 1 containing the first runner 6 oi the high pressurestage by means ot nozzles 1" which deliver steam to the buckets of saidrunner. c is a diaphragm between the chamber 1 and a chamber 2 in thecasing A and is providedwith nozzles for delivering steam to the bucketsof the second runner G. of the high pressure stage of the turbine fromchamber 1. I

(1 .is a diaphragn'i between a chamber (2 and chambers 2 and 8 thelatter two of which are separated from each other by partitions as shownin Fig. 4. Chamber 2 is connected to an exhaust pipe F hereinafterdescribed, while chan'iber 3 in connnunication with chamber 0 bv meansof nozzles 11 in diaphragm (Z, which deliver steam to the buckets of thefirst runner 7 of the low pressure stage of the turbine. I The nozzlesin the upper portion of diaphragm (Z are plugged so that no steam passesfrom chamber 2 to chamer e. f is a dia 'nhragm between chamher 6 and achamber 7 communicating with an exhaust port 4. and which diaphragm isprovided with nozzles for delivering steam to the second runner 7 of thelow pressure stage oi the turbine.

N is a high pressuresteam pipe connected to the steam chest 1, andconnected to this pipe is a throttle valve M and a high pressure steamcontrol valve B.

Connected to the exhaust portor pipe F communicating with chamber 2 anda steam inlet'pipe or port F communicating with chamber 3. is a pipingsystem K, which might be termed a low pressure steam receiver. Connectedin the piping system K between ports Fund F' are control valves 6 and HQConnected to the piping system K is a pipe K leading to a low pressuresteam service line, which may receive steam from various sources andfrom which steam may be delivered to various sources. G is a cut otFvalve bet-ween pipes K and K,

whereby the low pressure service line may he cut off from the lowpressure steam re cciver of the turbine.

D is a governor which is driven. from the. turbine shaft 5 bymeans of aworm and worm wheellO. The'governor Dis con nected bv means of levermechanism 7) and c, to valve actuating mechanism of fluid actuatedmotors connected to valves B and C, respectively, for opening andclosing said valves. L is a regulator of wellknown sure in the lowpressure type having a diaphragmwithin a. chamber therein which isconnectedv to lever mechanism 7b connected to valve actuating mechanismof; a fluid zuituated motor which connected to theregulating valve H.The diaphragm chamber in regulator L is connected to the pipe K orthelow pressure steam receiver by means of a pipe K whereby theregulator is controlled by the pressteam receiver. so that the positionoi vali H is under the direct control of the pressure in said receiver.

Assuming that valve G is closed and valves 0 and .il are held open forillustration, steam would pass from steam chest 1 through the highpressure stage oi the turbine then through the receiver K from chamberto chamber 3, through the low pressure stage of the turbine and outthrough port a to a condenser. and valve B would be moved by thegovernor and the control mechanism to supply the required amount ofsteam to turbine for the load on the turbine.

In the normal operation of the system the valve G is open. low pressuresteamis delivered from various sources to pipe K and from which steam isdrawn for various purposes, while hi gh pressure steam is delivered topipe N. Assuming now that valves B. C and H are in such positions as tofeed high pressure steam through valve B to the high pressure stage ofthe turbine. teed steam from the low pressure receiver K to the lowpressure stage of the turbine while steam is bled from said receiver bythe low pressure steam service line through pipe K and if the demand forsteam from said low )ressure service line does not vary or the load onthe turbine vary the valves will remain in the above named setpositions. If the demand -for steam from. low pressure service line is iincreased the pressure in said line will fall which will reduce thepressure in regulator L. which will in turn move valveH toward itsclosed position so that more steam will be bled from the receiver Kbetween the two stages of the turbine by the said service line, and lesssteam will bedelivored to the low pressure stage of the turbine. If thepressure increases in the low 1:)ressure service line the valve H willbe moved towards its open positionso that moresteam will. pass from thereceiver to the low pressure stage of the turbine. p

In both of above eases valve B will, he

:iictuated to control the How of steam in acclosed. Thus in case ofexcessive pressure in the low pressure service line and a lipid load onthe turbine low pressure steam from the low pressure service line willpass throuarh the low pressure stage of the turbine to 1" haust 4 andoperate the turbine even thou... l valve B is held closed by thegovernor l).

The stei'n B ol valve ll carries lour dislt valve members Bi see Fig. 5.which have a. relatively shortiuovcineut From their full open positionsto their chased 'iosilj" and as there is a simple lever connection ltween the governor D and nuiitor valve n'iecliunisui 7) of valve B whilethe actuating iuerluinislu c for the motor for valve t] is at thecompound type. it can readily be seen that sligil'llt variations in thegovernor T) will allc t vul re B without attectinr. valve 0.

It will now be obvious that by virtue ot my invention a substantiallyconstant pressure may be maintained in the external low pressure steampiping system and l'flifil'lflllllcally utilized in the turbine, and forfactory use. It willbc obvious that a series of turbines may beconnected to the external low pressure piping system. and that theindividual turbine will be automatically and accurately controlled.

Having: now fully described my invention, whatI claim and desire toprotect by Let tors Patent is: i

1. Governingmeans for turbines having birth and low pressurestages.comprising a high pressure steam controh; a low pressiu'e steam receivcrzulapted to receive steam exhausted from the high pressure stage of theturbine and deliver steam to the low pressure stage low pressure steamcontrol means and other means actuated by the pressure in the lowpressure receiver for controlling: the

passage of steam from said receiver to the low pressure stage. therebytending: to maintain the pressure in the receiverconstant.

2. Governing means for turbines having high and low pressure stages. a.govt-wanna low pressure steam receiver adapted to ceive steam exhaustedfrom the li igl'i prcs sure stage of the turbine and deliver steam tothe low n'essure stage. a uovernorcoutrolled valve for controlling thepassage or ernor controlled valve for the low pressure stage.

3. Governing: insane for turbines having high and low pressure stages. agovernor, a valve undercontrol oi the governor 'lor admittintr steam tothe high pressure stuum it low pressure steamreceiver uilaptcd toreceive steam exhausted froruthe high pressure stage of the turbine anddeliver steam to the lowpressure stage. a governor (10th trolled valvefor controlling the passage of steam to the low DIGFSHIE stage. and asecond Eli the steam to the low pressure stage. and a lt valvecontrolled. by the pressure in the receiver for controlling theadmission of steam from said receiver to the governor controlled valvefor the low pressure stage.

4. Governing means for turbines having; high and low pressure stages. asteam receiver between the high and low pressure stages connected to alow pressure steam service line, to which the exhaust from the highpressure stage is adapted'to pass, a *alve for controlling the admissionof steam to the high pressure stage, a governor for controlling saidvalve, a valve for controlling" the admission of steam to the lowpressure stage controlled by said governor, a third valve forcontrolling the passage of steam from the receiver to the last mentionedvalve, and a device actuated by the pressure in the receiver foractuating the third valve.

5. Governing means for turbines having hi gh andv low pressure stages, ahigh pressure steam supply, a low pressure steam receiver connected toa. low pressure steam service line and adapted to receive exhaust steamfrom the high pressure stage and for supplying steam to the low pressurestage, a governor, a valve actuated by the governor for controlling theadmission of steam to the high pressure stage, a second valve connectedto the governor for controlling the admission of steam to the lowpressure staqe, a third valve for controlling the passage of steam fromthe low pressure steam receiver to the second valve, and meanscontrolled by the pressure in the low pressure steam receiver foropening and closing the third valve.

In testimony of which inventionr I have hereunto set my hand, atTrenton, N. J on this day of May 15th, 1922. v

' CARL R. VVALLER.

